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by Rebecca VurlanThe ancestors of the Romans were the Latini. They were one of a group of tribes that lived in the north of Italy. According to legend the city of Rome was founded in 753 BC by Romulus after he had killed his twin brother Remus. It was built on the banks of the river Tiber. Having started in such a warlike way the Romans continued to fight with the neighbouring tribes. In time they conquered the whole of Italy. Their armies moved on, conquering the countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea and crossing the Alps into Europe.
Empire map
Click on the map to see how far the Roman Empire stretched at the height of it's success.

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Caratacus by Kingsway First School"And can you, then, who have got such fine possessions and so many of them, envy our poor tents." (Caratacus)

Caratacus had a point! When Emperor Claudius ordered the invasion in AD 43 Rome already ruled a huge area of Europe - so what did Claudius want Britain for?
Let's step back in time a bit…

by Darryl SmithOur roving reporter writes…
"Julius Caesar sailed across the English Channel with about 80 warships in 55 BC. He lost the battle and said he would return and he was magnificent!
This time the Celts thought they would win but Julius Caesar did. It was devastating for the Celts!"
(by A. West)

Obviously our man favours the Romans but in fact, Julius Caesar didn't conquer Britain. The people of northern Britain barely heard the rumble of his arrival. As time passed wealthy members of the southern tribes got a taste for Roman wine and pottery and those who actually met the great man and his army came to see the Romans as a source of trade. They learnt to use coins instead of barter to get the goods they needed. Many had relations living across the channel in Roman Gaul and knew of Roman customs and laws.

To find out what happened to Julius Caesar read The Death of Caesar by Sian Richardson and Sean McGregor.

Emperor ClaudiusIt wasn't until the new Millennium that life began to change. Prince Verica of the Atrebates tribe was having some bother with neighbours. He had been on friendly terms with the Romans for years and done them several favours - passing on information about Gaulish spies - so he decided to ask his friends for help.

As it was, this was just the opening the new emperor, Claudius, wanted. He had only just been made emperor and badly needed to make himself look good.Britians Products

It was difficult for him - the Romans liked their leaders strong and manly and brave but Claudius walked with a limp and stammered. He liked books better than warfare. A victory against Britain was just what he needed to make the people of Rome respect him.

Of course Britain had many other things that the Romans could use - slaves; gold, tin, silver, lead and iron; corn for the armies; cattle for meat and leather; bears and hunting dogs; fine woven cloth.

Look at the map to see where all these things came from.

subheadingArmy by Rachel Smith
In AD 43 Emperor Claudius ordered the invasion of Britain. Claudius himself led an army of four Legions and auxillary troops - about 40,000 men - in the attack on Camulodunum (Colchester), capital of the Catuvellauni tribe. Caratacus, king of the Catuvellauni, fought bravely but when the Romans captured his capital he fled to Wales. Claudius stayed in Britain for about 15 days and when he left he gave the army instructions to carry on with the battle against the Celtic tribes. By AD 50 the tribes of southern Britain were under Roman rule and the Roman army started to move northwards.

Queen Boudicca by Katie ReayOf course not everyone was happy with this state of affairs. Caratacus continued to stir up trouble for the Romans. Queen Boudicca of the Iceni led a major rebellion in AD 60 in which thousands of people died.
To learn more about Boudicca click here.

Boudicca was not the only Celtic queen to cause the Romans trouble. Their ally, Queen Cartimandua of the Brigantes, fell out with her people and the army had to go to her rescue.
Click here to read her story and find out what happened to Caratacus.

The Invasion of Britain - Timeline By children of Rothbury First School
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